The Roswell Report: Fact versus Fiction in the New Mexico Desert

CLM-005231 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“This report represents a joint effort by Col. Richard L. Weaver and 1st Lt. James McAndrew to address the request made by Representative Steven H. Schiff (R-NM) for information regarding an alleged crash of an unidentified flying object (UFO) that occurred in the state in 1947.”

CLM-005232 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The deployment of giant trains of balloons — over thirty research balloons and experimental sensors strung together and stretching more than 600 feet — could be neither disguised nor hidden from the public.”

CLM-005233 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The unusual combination of experimental equipment did not encourage easy identification that undoubtedly left some members of the 509th with unanswered questions.”

CLM-005234 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The July 8 edition reported 'RAAF Captures Flying Saucer On Ranch In Roswell Region,' while the next day's edition reported, 'Ramey Empties Roswell Saucer' and 'Harassed Rancher Who Located 'Saucer' Sorry He Told About It.'”

CLM-005235 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“Brigadier General Roger Ramey, Commander of the Eighth Air Force at Forth Worth, Texas, stated that upon examination the debris recovered by Marcel was determined to be a weather balloon.”

CLM-005236 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The Air Force is now routinely accused of engaging in a 'cover-up' of this supposed event.”

CLM-005237 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“the recovered wreckage (and bodies) to Roswell under extremely tight security for further processing and later exploitation.”

CLM-005238 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“These locations include Fort Worth, Texas, the home of the Eighth Air Force Headquarters; possibly Sandia Base (now Kirtland AFB), New Mexico; possibly Andrews Army Air Field, Maryland; and always to Wright Field, now known as Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio.”

CLM-005239 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The government in general, and the Army Air Forces in particular, engaged in covering up all information relating to the alleged crash and recovery, including the use of security oaths to military persons and the use of coercion (including alleged death threats) to others.”

CLM-005240 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“There has never been any previous documentary evidence produced by those who would debunk the incident to show that something did not happen; although logic dictates that bureaucracies do not spend time documenting nonevents.”

CLM-005242 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The latter location was the home of 'T-2' which later became known as the Air Technical Intelligence Center (ATIC) and the Air Materiel Command (AMC), and would, in fact, be a logical location to study unknown materials from whatever origin.”

CLM-005243 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“If the Air Force had recovered some type of extraterrestrial spacecraft and/or bodies and was exploiting this for scientific and technology purposes, then such a program would be operated as a Special Access Program (SAP).”

CLM-005244 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“An Airplane Crash”

CLM-005245 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“A Missile Crash”

CLM-005246 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“A Nuclear Accident”

CLM-005247 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“An Extraterrestrial Craft”

CLM-005248 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“Project Mogul was a then-sensitive, classified project, whose purpose was to determine the state of Soviet nuclear weapons research.”

CLM-005250 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“Some of the early developmental radar targets were manufactured by a toy or novelty company.”

CLM-005251 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The neoprene balloons were susceptible to degradation in the sunlight, turning from a milky white to a dark brown.”

CLM-005252 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The neoprene balloons were susceptible to degradation in the sunlight, turning from a milky white to a dark brown.”

CLM-005253 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The material was extremely lightweight. When I picked it up, it was just like picking up an empty package.”

CLM-005254 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“They told us the material was a weather balloon, but I'm certain it wasn't a weather balloon.”

CLM-005255 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“Colonel Duffy, to identify it. . . . He just said 'it sure looks like some of the stuff you've been launching at Alamogordo' and he described it, and I said 'yes, I think it is.'”

CLM-005256 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“It is discussed in more detail within Atch 32. Overall, it helps fill in gaps of the MOGUL story.”

CLM-005257 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The Air Force research did not locate or develop any information that the 'Roswell Incident' was a UFO event.”

CLM-005258 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The claim that they did so without leaving even a little bit of a suspicious paper trail for 47 years is incredible.”

CLM-005259 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“A privately owned museum in Roswell contains documents and photographs purporting to prove the existence of the aliens.”

CLM-005260 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“UFO buffs contend the incident marked the beginning of a government conspiracy to suppress evidence of alien life.”

CLM-005261 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“A nurse reportedly told a local funeral home director that she witnessed the autopsies of the spacemen, whom she described as having oversized heads and beetle-like features.”

CLM-005262 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“Conspiracy theorists said the bodies were flown to Fort Worth and then to what is now Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Ohio.”

CLM-005263 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The bodies were described as the body of a small humanoid, tan (or sunburned) in color, approximately the size of a ten year old boy.”

CLM-005264 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The pathological examination disclosed a human with a skeleton having two extra ribs on each side, whose flesh had a somewhat higher mineral content than we would consider normal and somewhat denser bones.”

CLM-005266 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“A USAF intelligence officer met two aliens at a pre-arranged location in the desert of New Mexico.”

CLM-005267 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“According to his son and neighbors, Brazel was held incommunicado by officials at the Roswell base for nearly a week, questioned extensively and ordered not to say anything about his experience.”

CLM-005268 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The Air Force Safety Agency searched the microfilm records (classified and unclassified) for air vehicle mishaps for the period 20 June through 31 July 1947.”

CLM-005269 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The National Personnel Records Center noted that the histories for the 509th Bomb Group and Wing for Roswell Army Air Base for period of November-December 1947 was transferred to Air University in 1953.”

CLM-005270 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The AFHRA's Report indicates that the Historical Research Agency is primarily a repository for unit histories and supporting documents, and it has never routinely received the kind of records which might provide details of the Roswell incident.”

CLM-005271 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The Fourth Air Force and its A-2 intelligence section apparently carried out investigations of flying disks in the western US in 1947.”

CLM-005272 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“Project Sign, then Project Grundge, and was renamed Project Blue Book in 1951.”

CLM-005273 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“Project Sign, then Project Grundge, and was renamed Project Blue Book in 1951.”

CLM-005275 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“I was a Counterintelligence Corps (CIC) Special Agent for the US Army Air Force who was initially assigned to Roswell AAF following my graduation from CIC school at Ft Holabiri MD, in late June or Early July, 1947.”

CLM-005276 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“I do not know who may have made the report to him.”

CLM-005277 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“I believe we had a militery jeep that Marcel checked out to make this trip.”

CLM-005278 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“We gathered up some of this material, which would easily fit into one vehicle, there certainly wasn't a lot of this material, or enou^ to make up crates of it for multiple airplane flights.”

CLM-005279 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“I remember recognizing this material as being consistent with a weather balloon.”

CLM-005280 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“What Marcel did with this material at the time was unknown to me, although I know now from reading about this incident”

CLM-005281 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“National Guard Planes were on duty searching for the discs.”

CLM-005282 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“Colonel Hackett stated that he knew nothing at all about it.”

CLM-005283 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“Colonel Hackett advised that the material was consistent with a weather balloon.”

CLM-005285 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“Air Force proclamation signed by the President, likely related to the flying disc incident.”

CLM-005323 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“They were visited by a lot of people, more than we were. Handio* to some people, being in Florida where they wore.”

CLM-005324 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“Marcel called 'hieroglyphics'. It was something that was written or printed on some of the debris.”

CLM-005328 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“A bush pilot had found some pock marks in dry snow in Alaska in 1950.”

CLM-005329 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“Our only purpose for the NYU group was to develop constant level balloons.”

CLM-005330 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The idea was proposed in a 1945 letter from Dr Ewing (Woods Hole and Columbia) to Gen Spaatz that we might be able to detect nuclear blasts via pressure waves and low-frequency microphones.”

CLM-005331 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“Japanese military balloons used during World War II for reconnaissance and debris collection.”

CLM-005332 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The Watson Lab gear was the microphone equipment specifically for MOGUL.”

CLM-005333 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“We landed and took dog sleds to the site and found craters with a hole in the center.”

CLM-005334 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“Starting in early June, 1947 the 307(B) targets came from NYU.”

CLM-005335 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“We also launched TNT on some of the balloons to simulate airbursts for detection.”

CLM-005336 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“There was a lot of pressure to develop the constant level balloons.”

CLM-005337 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The tracking was to be done by the Watson Labs radar for the V-2 launches, etc.”

CLM-005338 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“Our cover story was not a detailed developed cover story.”

CLM-005339 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“There was an 'umbrella cover story' to protect our work with MOGUL.”

CLM-005340 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The July 10th Alamogordo News report was a good cover-it does not appear to be a coincidence.”

CLM-005341 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The materials that were being used in Mogul included, of course, not only the polyethylene balloons, but included the neoprene balloons at some point, the various types of radar reflectors, the instrumentation that was being used.”

CLM-005355 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“Boford was Navy, that was the Navy”

CLM-005356 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“We adopted the balloon technique that a cosmic ray investigator at NYU, a fellow named Sergei Korf, we adopted his technique”

CLM-005373 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“Mirs and Hackman got balloon ascension off at 1:00 p.m. today without plane to follow it.”

CLM-005374 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“I ran them.”

CLM-005375 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“We went up and down the Rio Grande Valley trying to launch balloons so they would pass over the ground stations at Alamagordo.”

CLM-005376 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“I got very interested in the Japanese balloons and communicate, and I have pieces of the Japanese balloon downstairs if you're interested in seeing a piece of it.”

CLM-005377 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“None whatsoever. That was part of a promotion that...”

CLM-005378 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“We were certainly secretive and not talkative, but at the same time...”

CLM-005379 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“We were certainly secretive and not talkative, but at the same time...”

CLM-005380 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“We were certainly secretive and not talkative, but at the same time...”

CLM-005381 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The ones that we wanted to get back, which were the test constant level balloons and the ones that had microphones on them, by and large, they did have NYU reward tags on them.”

CLM-005382 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“We were certainly secretive and not talkative, but at the same time...”

CLM-005396 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The security of MOGUL was a great concern of mine from the very beginning, because it was like trying to hide an elephant in an open farmyard— almost ludicrous.”

CLM-005397 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“Colonel Duffy called me on the telephone from Wright Field and gave me a story about a fellow that had come in from New Mexico, woke him up in the middle of the night, or some such thing, with a handful of debris, and wanted him.”

CLM-005403 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The radar targets were geometrically elementary. There were three intersecting planes: X, Y, and Z. Their geometry was such, as you well know, that any incident wave would be reflected exactly, precisely, in the direction from which it came.”

CLM-005413 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“I was met at the General's office by a Lt Col or Col who told me that some one had found a flying saucer in New Mexico and they had it in the General's Office.”

CLM-005414 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“I told them that this was a balloon and a RAWIN target. I believed this because I had seen many of these before.”

CLM-005424 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The debris recovered from the ranch on July 7, 1947, was a weather balloon — but it was not being used strictly for weather purposes; its real purpose was to carry classified payloads for a Top Secret US Army Air Forces project.”

CLM-005425 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“Project Mogul was classified Top Secret and carried a priority level of lA.”

CLM-005426 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“Project MOGUL was conducted as a compartmented, classified project in which partici¬pants knew only what they needed to know, and no more.”

CLM-005427 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The first balloon launches associated with Project MOGUL were carried out at several locations on the east coast of the United States.”

CLM-005428 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The NYU group would make three 'field trips' during the summer of 1947 for test and evaluation, labeling them Alamogordo I, II, and III.”

CLM-005429 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“”

CLM-005431 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“It occurred to me that there is a Blair sound channel in the atmosphere with the axis at a height of about 46,000 feet, and that, with source and receiver placed at this height, we might exceed the accepted ranges as enormously as we had in the ocean.”

CLM-005432 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“Included in Weaver Attachment 19 Report Maurice Ewing for General Carl Spaatz “Long Range Sound Transmission in the Atmosphere” n.d.”

CLM-005433 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“”

CLM-005439 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“Radar positioning was successful only if a target is attached to the balloon train.”

CLM-005442 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“Several other methods of balloon positioning were evaluated.”

CLM-005447 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“Under the terms of this contract the Research Division was commissioned to launch and track constant level balloon systems in order to study wind conditions at the 200 mb level of the atmosphere.”

CLM-005448 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“In conjunction with a study to determine the altitude of maximum neutron density a modification was made on the Constant Altitude balloon system developed under this contract.”

CLM-005470 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The adiabatic lapse rate is defined as: LR = A?- Cp A = 2.39 X ICT® col / erg Cp = specific heat at constant pressure g = acceleration caused by gravity radiation.”

CLM-005471 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“Since the effect of the sun in heating the lifting gas decreases the effect of different lapse rates, the effect is not as noticeable during the day as at night. At night the balloon system may pass through an inversion, lose its lift, and remain at an altitude much below its estimated floating altitude until warmed by the sun's rays at sunrise.”

CLM-005472 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“CD Ap*^ for failure of the fabric or film, where: Ap = bursting pressure (psi) *. maximum allowable tensile stress of fabric or film (psi) (for safety Sf * 1/2^ Smox where stress in tension) t - thickness of fabric or film (in.) D - 'balloon diameter (in.) or: 4 Sc (2) Ap = - ^ for failure of seams D where : Ss s maximum allowable tensile strength of seams (lb,/in, ) D* balloon diameter (in.)”

CLM-005483 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The force due to buoyancy of the lifting gas where : This term may also be where ; balloon volume (ft. 5) density of the air and lifting gas, respectively (lb ./ft. 3) / ^9 stated... F “ ) R<i» To,Tg pressure of air and lifting gas specific gas constant of air and lifting gas temperature of air and lifting gas The changes that will take place in Ihis expression are those due to a temperature difference between the lifting gas and the free air, change in volume of the balloon due to loss of lifting gas, change of the gas constant of the lifting gas due to dilution with air, and (in the case of a balloon that will hold an internal pressure) pressure difference between lifting gas and surrounding air.”

CLM-005484 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“Balloon volume at any time is a fxmction of original full balloon volume plus the summation of all the changes in volume due to pres¬ sure and temperature changes and loss of lifting gas.”

CLM-005485 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The ballast flow at any time, t: dW so that: whe re : dt Cp is”

CLM-005486 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“”

CLM-005499 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“In November, 1946 the Research Division of the College of Engineering of New York University contracted with Watson Laboratories, AMD, to develop and fly constant-level instrument-carrying balloons.”

CLM-005500 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“In November, 1946 the Research Division of the College of Engineering of New York University contracted with Watson Laboratories, AMD, to develop and fly constant-level instrument-carrying balloons.”

CLM-005501 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“In November, 1946 the Research Division of the College of Engineering of New York University contracted with Watson Laboratories, AMD, to develop and fly constant-level instrument-carrying balloons.”

CLM-005502 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“In November, 1946 the Research Division of the College of Engineering of New York University contracted with Watson Laboratories, AMD, to develop and fly constant-level instrument-carrying balloons.”

CLM-005519 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The simpler control system, ballast is dropped at a pre-determined rate, aimed to slightly exceed the loss of lift of the balloon due to leakage and diffusion.”

CLM-005520 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The second type of ballast dropping control has been devised to operate on a demand basis, when such a descent occurs.”

CLM-005535 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The balloon, during these flights, shall be convoyed by suitable aircraft to maintain air-ground communications on the balloon trajectory and equipped to effect destruction of the balloon at the termination of four hours flight or at such time that the balloon may become hazardous either to aircraft flight operations or the persons or property of others on the surface.”

CLM-005536 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The balloon will be towed to high altitude, levels (above 20,000 feet) by three auxiliary lifting balloons fastened together with a 4 lb. weight.”

CLM-005537 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The range of flight during this phase of operation will be between 30,000 and 60,000 feet. A period of six hours will be the maximum duration of flight.”

CLM-005544 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The Japanese nonextensible balloons were of two types.”

CLM-005558 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The constant-level balloon floated in an essentially steady WSW current between 06^ and 09^.”

CLM-005564 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The period was spent in preparatory work which consisted of the following phases:”

CLM-005565 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“The designing of a balloon and of altitude controls to be used as tentative solutions to the min problem.”

CLM-005581 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“”

CLM-005582 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“It has been observed that the sound was heard locally, say up to 25 miles, and also at distances of 100 to 200 miles, but I heard at intermediate distances.”

CLM-005583 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“Experimental tracking of three balloons furnished and flown by the Atmospheric Group was performed for the dual purpose of checking the signal return of the radar with various reflecting targets, and for precise position data of the balloon equipment for use by the Atmospheric Group.”

CLM-005584 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“During the half-hour period prior to the take-off, several random aircraft were noted in the vicinity of the launcher; and at X-5 minutes, one low flying aircraft was observed on the scopes at a range beyond the launcher directly in line with it and flying in towards the launcher.”

CLM-005586 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“Observations of the travel times of waves from an explosive source has yielded a considerable amount of data on the temperature and wind structure of the atmosphere up to altitude of about 5C Itm (160,CCC feet).”

CLM-005590 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“With a given excess of buoyancy, a balloon will lift its load at an almost constant predictable speed, (pie rate of rise will increase by about 25% at higher altitudes, due to the changes in balloon shape and decrease of air density.)”

CLM-005595 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“Helium is a lifting gas used in balloons.”

CLM-005607 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“Using radar, the elevation angle, azimuth angle and slant distance out are obtained, giving a complete fix on the balloon with one set.”

CLM-005617 · the roswell report 1995 fact vs fiction headquarte Observation

“Project Mogul Balloon Train was launched from Alamogordo AAF, NM, in June 1947.”